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Definition: Penetration refers to the depth, in >✘units of 0.1 mm, that a standa₽★rd cone freely falls and penetratesΩ♠ into grease contained in a s¶βπtandard cup within 5 seconds. Pen♠✘₹☆etration indicates the consistency ₩×or the degree of softness/hardε₽<$ness of the grease.
Standard Cone Sizes fo→ r Penetration Testing:$∑
- Full-size cone penetr♥λation
- 1/2 cone penetration
- 1/4 cone penetration
Conversion Formulas:
a. Conversion of 1/4 c<€γone penetration to ful✘®♦l-size cone penetration:
P full-size cone penetration=3.75 * ✔©λP1/4 cone penetration+24
b. Conversion of 1/2 cone penetrati×φon to full-size cone penetration£↔:
P full-size cone penetrationβ•=2 * P1/2 cone penetration+5
1. Temperature Influence:
- As temperature increases, pene↔ tration increases.
- As temperature decreases, penetration≈↔ decreases.
The greater the penetra↓tion, the softer the grease. Conversely &, smaller penetratioΩ"n indicates harder grease.♥← ↔
2. Selection Guidelines:
- For surfaces with high ₽₩€÷loads, choose grease wiδβ≠≥th smaller penetration.
- For surfaces with low loads, choγα₽ose grease with larger penetrat♥β™ion.
Ø Test Standard: GB/T 269 “Test Metho"d for Penetration of " ★Lubricating Grease and Pe≈★¥ troleum Grease”, Equ$↔✔ivalent Method: ASTM-D21•↑7
